1
MEMORANDUM
DATE:
February
19,
2004
SUBJECT:
Revised
Emission
Factors
for
Stationary
Reciprocating
Internal
Combustion
Engines
FROM:
Melanie
Taylor
Alpha­
Gamma
Technologies,
Inc.

TO:
Sims
Roy,
EPA
OAQPS
ESD
Combustion
Group
The
purpose
of
this
memorandum
is
to
document
the
emission
factors
used
to
estimate
national
impacts
associated
with
the
regulatory
requirements
for
existing
and
new
stationary
reciprocating
internal
combustion
engines
(
RICE).
The
RICE
emission
factors
were
determined
for
four
different
engine
subcategories:
spark
ignition
two
stroke
lean
burn
(
2SLB),
spark
ignition
four
stroke
lean
burn,
spark
ignition
four
stroke
rich
burn
(
4SRB),
and
compression
ignition
(
CI).

The
RICE
Emissions
Database
was
used
to
estimate
the
emission
factors.
More
information
about
the
Emissions
Database
can
be
found
in
the
memorandum
entitled
"
Emissions
Data
for
Reciprocating
Internal
Combustion
Engines."
The
emission
factors,
which
are
presented
in
Table
1,
represent
uncontrolled
emissions
and
are
in
units
of
either
pounds
per
hour
(
lb/
hr)
or
pounds
per
horsepower­
hour
(
lb/
hp­
hr).
In
estimating
the
emission
factors,
test
data
from
engines
rated
at
greater
than
500
horsepower,
operating
at
all
loads,
were
used.
Tests
where
all
three
runs
were
not
detected
or
not
reported
were
excluded
from
the
analysis.
For
the
spark
ignition
2SLB,
4SLB,
and
4SRB
subcategories,
tests
for
engines
firing
natural
gas
and
process
gas
were
used.
For
the
CI
subcategory,
tests
for
diesel­
fired
engines
were
used.
Attached
in
Appendix
A
is
an
Excel
spreadsheet
of
the
test
data
used
to
estimate
the
emission
factors.

A
previous
version
of
this
memorandum
based
on
information
developed
for
the
proposed
RICE
NESHAP
was
entered
into
the
docket
at
the
time
of
proposal
(
Document
ID
Number
OAR­
2002­
0059­
0366
or
A­
95­
35
II­
B­
36).
Based
on
comments
received
during
the
proposal
period,
formaldehyde,
acetaldehyde,
and
acrolein
tests
conducted
using
the
CARB
430
test
method
were
scrutinized
due
to
the
CARB
advisory
2
issued
on
April
28,
2000,
in
which
CARB
advised
that
formaldehyde
and
acetaldehyde
data
based
on
the
use
of
CARB
430
in
emissions
containing
greater
than
50
ppmvd
of
NO
X
are
suspect
and
should
be
flagged
as
non­
quantitative.
The
advisory
also
stated
that
CARB
430
should
not
be
used
for
the
determination
of
acrolein.
As
a
result
of
the
CARB
advisory,
the
formaldehyde
and
acetaldehyde
tests
that
were
done
with
CARB
430
were
excluded
from
the
emission
factor
determination
because
the
NO
X
emissions
were
unknown.
The
tests
where
acrolein
was
measured
using
CARB
430
were
also
excluded
due
to
the
CARB
advisory.
This
memorandum
presents
the
revised
emission
factors.

Table
1.
RICE
Emission
Factors
Pollutant
4SRB
4SLB
2SLB
CI
Factor
Unit
Acetaldehyde
8.56e­
03
1.01e­
01
1.02e­
01
1.81e­
02
lb/
hr
Acroleina
8.54e­
02
1.07e­
01
lb/
hr
Formaldehyde
6.50e­
02
7.53e­
01
7.50e­
01
2.24e­
02
lb/
hr
Methanolb
1.26e­
02
4.53e­
02
3.81e­
02
lb/
hr
Total
HAPc
8.61e­
02
9.84e­
01
9.98e­
01
4.04e­
02
lb/
hr
CO
2.51e+
01
5.57e+
00
5.19e+
00
6.96e­
01
lb/
hr
NOx
2.20e­
02
lb/
hp­
hr
PM
7.00e­
04
lb/
hp­
hr
a
No
acrolein
data
was
available
for
4SRB
and
CI
RICE.
b
No
methanol
data
was
available
for
CI
RICE.
c
Total
HAP
is
the
sum
of
acetaldehyde,
acrolein,
formaldehyde,
and
methanol.
3
Appendix
A
Spreadsheets
